Rate of return

Depending on the facts and circumstances involved In a particular research and development arrangement, true payments by the entity to the other parties ostensibly for royalties or to purchase the partnership's interests in or to obtain the exclusive rights to the research and development results might actually be any of the following: * a. The settlement of a borrowing ; b. The purchase price of an asset * c. The royalties for the use of an asset.The financial reporting of an entity that is a party to a research and development arrangement should represent faithfully what It purports to represent and should not subordinate substance to form. † Without specific guidance and this as a launching point we need to look at this transaction and really see what's going on. From the agreement presented in the case this Is what I have been able to cull out of the extreme ambiguity.The first piece of the agreement we should comb over Is the future royalties to be received by PIE from the sales of an established Pharmacy drug for a defined period of time. An established drug in the market has reasonably estimable future cash flows. I. E†¦ Pilfer could predict with reasonably certainty sales of Vicarage this year. Thus, PIE Is constructively lending Pharmacy money now, with repayment of the borrowing coming in the form of royalties for a defined period of time.Lending money with recurring repayments of that principal over a defined period of time is essentially a bond. That Is also what Is going on here. The question is how much is PIE lending Pharmacy? If we accept that the future royalties associated with Pharmacy existing drug are reasonably estimable and for a defined period of time, we can do some math and discount the future cash flows and apply an appropriate return for similar debt Instruments' cash flows to arrive at exactly how much of Pep's money to Pharmacy Is constructive lending.The number we arrive at for the constructive lending would be recorded as a note receivable (or more specific verbiage could be used) for PIE and a payable for Pharmacy in the form of a royalty payable to satisfy lending obligation. Now, as Pharmacy proceeds with their best efforts in developing drug X, and the amount of cumulative cash PIE has Infused Into Pharmacy at each threshold exceeds the amount previously quantified as constructive lending we have a new situation. The money is no longer lending, so what is it?ACS 730-20-25-8 states: â€Å"To the extent Tanat ten Atlanta rills escalate Walt n ten research Ana development NAS Eden transferred because repayment of any of the funds provided by the other parties depends solely on the results of the research and development having future economic benefit, the entity shall account for its obligation as a contract to perform research and development for others. † If we look from Pep's point of view, they inserted the future royalties of the existing drug into the agreement as a guaranteed retur n of some of their invested capital.We can assume the PEE fund isn't incompetent and understand that up to a certain investment point, presumably to the same dollar amount of expected cash flows from the existing drug royalties they are entitled to, they can't say that a return on investment drug X is more likely than not. However, once they start giving their incremental investments beyond the constructive lending amount we quantified earlier I think it is safe to say PIE sees a return on drug X as probable. So, PIE would need to record any cash sent to Pharmacy beyond the constructive lending amount as an investment, Just as any other investment is recorded.They would need to be wary of impairment, perhaps, more so than other forms of investment, but this is strictly now an investment in Pharmacy. For Pharmacy, as stated in ACS 730-20-25-8 above, now has an obligation to perform research and development in the amount of any cash provided by PIE in excess of the constructive lendin g portion of the agreement. As we saw in ACS 730-20-05-9 at the top of this analysis of the agreement, there is an extreme amount of supposition involved in these types of R&D agreements and the code says they need to be accounted for with the substance of the transaction above the form.I believe the aforementioned constructive lending portion and investment portion of the agreement satisfy the substance of the arrangement best under the circumstances presented. Also, the code itself seems to recognize its lack of ability to clearly delineate the proper accounting treatment and throws us a nice blanket piece of code to ensure the proper disclosure of the agreement in the form of 730-20-50-1 stating, â€Å"An entity that under the provisions of this Subtopic accounts for its obligation under research and development arrangement as a contract to perform research and development for others shall disclose both of the following: * a.The terms of significant agreements under the research and development arrangement (including royalty arrangements, purchase provisions, license agreements, and commitments to provide additional funding) as of the date of each balance sheet presented * b. The amount of compensation earned and costs incurred under such contracts for each period for which an income statement is presented. † This Just means the agreement needs to be disclosed on both ends.

Colonies and Great Britain between 1763 and 1776 Article

Colonies and Great Britain between 1763 and 1776 - Article Example Ironically, even though there was political isolation between the colonies and Britain, a majority of the colonies remained loyal to Britain and the British Parliament was recognized as the only source of governmental authority. The close relations between Britain and the colonies led to economic prosperity for both Britain and America especially because all the colonies’ economies relied on the British trade; the colonies also relied on Britain for protection from their enemies. However, these relations gradually deteriorated with time between the period namely1763 to 1776 and eventually, a revolution was certain; this paper will analyze the breakdown of relations between the colonies and Great Britain between 1763 and 1776 that led to the American Revolution. The analysis will pay particular attention to all of the acts that Great Britain imposed upon the colonies that led to discontent among both â€Å"common† and â€Å"elite† Americans. ... All the lands that had been held by the French were ceded to the British through the Paris treaty of 1763, and Britain gained total control of the territory stretching from the East coast to Mississippi river. Events that took place in the aftermath are largely responsible for the drift in relations between the colonies and Britain; great dissatisfaction in the colonies after the war arose following these events and this eventually instigated the American Revolution. Prior to the American Revolution, an underlying philosophy that was gaining popularity in the colonies was the American Enlightenment; this philosophy played a critical role in arousing political awareness in the colonies that were initially content being under Britain. Some of the major ideological principles of American Enlightenment include concepts such as liberalism, republicanism, and fear of corruption; a majority of people in the colonies begun to accept these concepts and this was the beginning of a robust intel lectual environment. In this respect, the philosophy of American Enlightenment was very significant in paving the way for revolution; by embracing the values of American Enlightenment, a majority of people in the colonies acquired a new sense of political and social identity. One of the greatest proponents of American Enlightenment whose ideas on liberty greatly influenced the political thinking behind the revolution is John Locke; this scholar has been regarded as the mastermind of the American Revolution because his concepts of social contract, natural rights, and born free and equal have been very influential.  

Writing an annotated bibliography of books. On the topic sex education Research Paper

Writing an annotated bibliography of books. On the topic sex education - Research Paper Example The books aims at creating awareness of marriage as well as advising the couple. The information was gathered from people’s personal experience. The flow of the book is excellent, but it is extremely complicated to get certain information from the book since there are no subheadings. The books also lack the emerging issues since it was authored a while ago. This book evaluates the values in sex education. The book argues that it is difficult to put into action any aspect of sex education if the values are not adhered to. The information of the book relied upon some young people who were involved in sex education. The information and topics are well arranged for easy reference. This book addresses the issue of the same sex relationships and their impact on students. The investigation was conducted in schools where there were students living with people who are gays or lesbians. The book is well organized, and all information is well documented. The book is current and covers a lot of relevant information in my study. The books look into the impact of sex education on social inequality especially gender inequality. The author has researched on school students and how they interact. The author highlight that sex education has a big role I promoting social and sexual injustice. The topics in this book are well arranged making it easy to retrieve information. The book is updated and covers most recent developments in the

History about Elizabethan theatre Research Paper

History about Elizabethan theatre - Research Paper Example Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, Sir Philip Sidney and William Shakespeare were a major influence on the progression of the Elizabethan Theater. William Shakespeare’s comedies and tragedies influenced the primary theoretical performances during their era. It is, therefore, imperative to assert that Elizabethan Theater exemplifies England’s structural, historical and theatre production principles that were shaped to a large extent by the influence of William Shakespeare. William Shakespeare’s limelight debut as a famous playwright was largely influenced by the death of Christopher Marlowe who was also influential in the molding of early theaters. At this time, he was famous for the play â€Å"Henry VI†. In 1954, when â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† and â€Å"Love’s Labour’s Lost† were performed, he became an icon in the theatre performance (Lee, 1898). Shakespeare influenced the Elizabethan Theater by determining the theme of the plays, drama and other performance as well as the role of different people in the theatre. During his time, playwrights, actors, and theaters owners acquired a new status of upper classmen in England, they got acknowledgment and rose higher in the society. Shakespeare lay the foundation for performance entertainment where comedies and tragedies were intertwined as more people were shifting from just wanting to watch comedies alone. The popularity of comedy and tragedy during Shakespeares er a led to a distinction between the two through a differentiation in their writing. Tragedy writers were guided by Aristotle’s definition of tragedy where a hero or heroine would be brought down by forces under their own control, but fate or through hubris. However, Romeo, Macbeth and Timon did not seem to adhere to this definition. Comedy was inspired by Plautus and Terence Roman "New Comedy". As such, comedies were happy tales about family affairs, domestic troubles and love but avoided politics (Arnold, 1989).

Church and State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Church and State - Essay Example One of the most imperative objectives behind exploring the topic above-mentioned includes seeking the answer to the question whether or not there appears any need for the formulating of the new phase of relations between the church and state in the best interests of the masses at large. Hence, the present paper will provide an insightful outlook of the topic under-examination by seeking support from the works created by the scholars. The fast and continuous alterations being witnessed in the contemporary era all over the world have forced the thinkers and political and social scientists to re-determine and review the role of church or institution of religion in order to avoid and escape the extremism that appears to be challenging the peace and harmony of the social establishments on the one side, and adding their share in widening the gulf of hatred and conflict among the cultures following the divergent religious belief systems within their respective political jurisdictions on the other during the contemporary era. Consequently, the world looks reflecting the scenario of chaos and disorder even after the advent of marvelous scientific and technological advancements making the life peaceful, comfortable and luxurious one in general. There was a time when the entire Europe used to be submitting to the decrees issued by the church. The establishment of the Holy Roman Empire was also the outcome of the dominance i nfluence of church on state and all its institutions. While elaborating the position of church and state in his remarkable â€Å"The Prince†, distinguished Italian philosopher Machiavelli strongly demands the separation of church from the political affairs of government and state (2010, p.45). It is partly due to the very reality that the ecclesiastical principalities or religious rules are unable to cope with the historical patterns altogether. Since the church lays stress upon specific mode of worship as well as leading the life in a standardized manner, the same could not be observed practically in any region of the entire globe. One of the most dominant reasons behind the same is this that the people belonging to divergent faiths, factions and sects co-exist in one and the same socio-political establishment; and if the (Catholic) church representing just one faction of one single faith looks for the masses’ strict observing of the Catholic code of laws, there will be bright probabilities of conflict and clashes in society, leading to anarchical state of affairs in the country subsequently. Rousseau refutes the implementation of religious and social laws by stating that man was born free, but everywhere he is in chains (2008, p.15). Hence, he does not appear to be surrendering before the heavy burdens of laws, which challenge the human liberty in one way or the other. Taking the precedent of the contemporary era rigid orthodox states of Afghanistan and Pakistan, it becomes evident that the nefarious extremist deoband sect of Muslims has made the life of the non-Muslim and peaceful Shiite Muslims miserable and pathetic one by inflicting pains and sufferings upon them with the aim of forcing them to adopt their religious policies and ways at any cost. Such a condemnable religious prejudice has destroyed the efficiency of the political institution on the one side, and has caused the ruination of social fabrics on the other. It is therefore, Machi avelli’s arguments (2010, pp. 47-8) with regards to separation of church and state still carry weight even nearly five centuries after its first publication in 1532. In addition to this, the undue and unnecessary

Slavery And Slave Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Slavery And Slave Trade - Essay Example The movie is themed at exploring how brutal the slave regime was, it is evident when Shola witnesses a pregnant woman being beaten to death. The incident changed the way Shola’s perceived slave to be (Gerima, Sankofa). This reflects and explains factors that led to the resistance and uprising that aimed at fighting slave trade. Various factors including introduction of machinery and the industrial revolution where the external factors that facilitated the abolishment of the slave trade. The internal factors included the enlightenment of the African and the increased population of the African Americans who gave the resistance strength and numerical advantages. The two factors prompted the slaves to deploy various means of airing their grievances. The first tactic deployed by the slaves was the formation of vigilante groups. They were aimed at uniting Africans and used cruel means to fight their masters. The groups where well organized and the information and command came from a single source. The source acted as the leadership structure of the vigilantes. The leaders used their influential nature to convince many African slaves to join the movement. This is evident when Shola’s lover who was a filed slave convinced Shola to join the rebellion (Gerima, Sankofa). The movie explains how the rebellions organized themselves. In this case, the field slave acted as the leader of the rebellion. He did communication; it is evident when he directs Shola to poison her white owners.  

WEEK 4 DQ 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WEEK 4 DQ 7 - Assignment Example Legitimate, coercive and reward as forms of formal power. Personal power deals more with what other individuals see and regard of someone they respect or like, thus giving someone the ability to influence. Expert, information and referent power have been classified as personal power. An example of an unethical use of power was when I was instructed by my superior to perform a task that was supposed to be his. In this case, my superior exercised his formal power, and was able to influence me to do the work for him. My superior unethically used legitimate power over me, emphasizing that I should be the one following the orders. Such scenarios I believe are common in many organizations where the people in authority tend to abuse the power accompanied in the positions they fill in. Political behaviors are actions with which an individual or a group of individuals make to be able to influence others in the organization to get the result they want. The three dimensions of political behavior are: upward influence, downward influence and peer influence. Upward influence refers to the capability of the people at the lower level of the organization to influence the decisions of the people with authority in the organization. Downward influence is the capacity of a superior to influence those under his or her department, such as general managers influencing department managers and their subordinates. Peer influence is the most common and this usually occurs with people who are in the same level of the organization. In laymans term, this may also be seen as peer pressure. However, this kind of influence may be destructive if there is no common goal among the people involved. Individual and organizational antecedents greatly influence political behavior. Political skill, investment in organization, internal locus control and expectations of